A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow. ![]() One of the greatest benefits of using computer aided design and drafting software is the ease of manufacturing. As mentioned earlier, the integration of computer. ![]() Concentrations Architectural Design. Architectural Design Concentration focuses primarily on Architectural Drawing, Computer Aided Drawing, Advanced AutoCAD.The Top 8 Free and Open Source BIM Software Tools. Update May 4, 2. 01. We’ve found two more free and open source BIM software tools since this article was first posted. The list now includes eight tools. ![]() It will only be a matter of time before your construction business (no matter how small) will start using building information modeling, otherwise known as BIM. While BIM advocates will be quick to tell you all about its advantages, certain clients, notably in the public sector, aren’t simply relying on carrots to persuade you to become a BIM shop. Governments across the world are making BIM and BIM software a mandatory part of bidding for contracts and undertaking building projects. Your choice will not be if, but how you use it. In the world ofconstruction management software, there are always solutions that are available for free or that use open, non- proprietary code to help you avoid being locked into a particular software supplier. BIM is no exception. The challenge is in choosing a free and/or open source BIM application that fits your needs. Before we jump into these open source and free BIM software options, we’ll take a look at some of the advantages of using a BIM tool and the different types of BIM tools with varying degrees of complexity. Then we’ll look at some specific options for each type. What is this “BIM” anyway? Building information modelling is a process to help manage complexity and improve performance in construction projects. Using BIM as a software application gives users the following advantages: 3. D visualization of buildings. Your construction team can work better together, as well as with customers and subcontractors. Spot and correct errors in 3. D designs before they happen in real life, or fix them faster afterward. Change management. Alterations to building structures and furnishings can be automatically checked, conflicts identified, and quality improved. Construction simulation. Try out different designs and optimize for the best cost- performance ratio while ensuring overall construction soundness and safety. Data management. Attach different kinds of project data (schedules, photos, scans of handwritten notes) to be able to find it all again in one place. Operational management. Check building performance (energy consumption for example) over the lifetime of a building and improve efficiency in remodels and extensions. Many users and software developers stop at the first benefit. They consider BIM to be a kind of glorified computer- aided design (CAD). Yet BIM can go well beyond a static 3. D drawing on a screen to help to reduce costs and accelerate construction schedules. And there are free and open source BIM applications that offer some of the advantages listed above. Reasons for considering free or open source BIM software. At first glance, it seems obvious. Free construction software” should help you save money. However, as any IT manager will tell you, initial software costs are often a small proportion of the real cost of using software, including staff time and effort to learn and use it. Free” should be interpreted with caution! BIM applications built on open source software offers their own set of benefits: Open source software typically uses open standards in its design and interfaces. This can make the exchange of BIM data with customers, partners, and suppliers easier. Open source software also allows you to modify the program itself (if you want to). You could, for example, change the user interface, add your own special functions, or make the program interact in new ways with other parts of your IT architecture. Construction manager or software geek? Software applications increasingly drive construction management and building work in general. But does that mean you have to know what goes on under the hood? Commercial BIM applications often take pains to shield users from this and charge you for it accordingly. The business logic is that you should get more value, faster, for your construction company because you don’t have to worry about the inner workings of your software platform. Vendors of free software, on the other hand, may not have the same business perspective. Depending on how deeply you want to get into the software itself, you may prefer to pay for a packaged, user- friendly solution. Orperhaps you want to make the effort required to exploit the power and flexibility of certain free or open source solutions. To help you decide, we’ll categorize options for free and open source BIM software into the following types: Free BIM viewer. Although BIM advantages can go much further (see above), an application to view 3. D models of buildings can help to get workers and customers into the mode of using BIM. Standard office application- based BIM. Business information modelling may sound complicated, but sometimes a standard spreadsheet is all you need. BIM as a bolt- on for CAD software. While purists argue that BIM software should be designed and built separately, this can be a pragmatic way of getting into building information modelling. The BIM software toolkit. A software toolkit can be adapted or used to build a variety of BIM solutions, including extensions to existing applications. However, that means possessing or having access to the relevant software programming skills. BIM from the start. In this case, the BIM software has been built expressly for building information modelling. Instead of trying to twist 2. D or 3. D drawings into BIM, this kind of BIM application gives you digital building blocks from which to make adaptable, purpose- built BIM projects. Free BIM Viewer. Screenshot of BIMx from Graphisoft. BIMx from Graphisoft is available free of charge for Android and i. OS devices. As an interactive 3. D communication and presentation tool, it lets users upload a 3. D drawing and explore it. Construction companies can take advantage of BIMx to: Show customers what they will get, and why they should sign that contract (now!)Show workers on site what the end result will be and therefore how each intermediate step should contribute to that result. Get precise feedback from workers and supervisors about any problems in the construction process by indicating where in the drawing the issue is occurring. An i. Pad or Android tablet offers mobility, as well as a camera for taking pictures of problems and the ability to attach accompanying notes (although the website says that the free app is for viewing only and mostly intended for clients). BIMx also won a mobile Product of the Year Award as a testimony to its quality and user friendliness. Another option is BIM Vision, a freeware IFC model viewer that allows the user to view virtual models created by systems such as Revit, Archicad, Advance, DDS CAD, Tekla, and Nemetschek Vector. Works, just to name a few. IFC stands for “Industry Foundation Class,” which is another kind of data model for describing building and construction industry data. The software allows for lots of tweaking of the 3. D model, including coloring elements based on the type, setting the transparency level for creating cross- sections, and comparisons of models to show the geometry changes and element properties. You can also load multiple IFC files in one view for side- by- side comparisons. BIM Vision works on a PC or tablet with Windows 7 or newer, so Apple users are out of luck. Standard office application- based BIMImage from Practical BIMDo Microsoft Excel and the free Open. Office Calc qualify as BIM software? According to initiatives such as COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange), the answer is yes. COBie is a data format designed for the capture and recording of important building project data. The data can be recorded in a spreadsheet, which can then be used as input for other software applications. In June 2. 01. 1, the UK government set out a five- year plan to bring 3. D BIM in for all its construction projects (PDF). The requirement for the first year was COBie: a “spreadsheet containing as much information about a building in as complete and as useful form as possible.”COBie and similar data formats also highlight another interesting point. BIM isn’t only about 3. D drawings. In fact, BIM can also exist without any such drawings at all as information in a COBie spreadsheet. BIM as a bolt- on for CAD software. Screenshot of Free. CADBIM and engineering CAD software are two different approaches to building design. In a perfect world they would stay separate. Automotive Engineering Terminology List - Automotive Engineering HQCabin – The interior portion of the vehicle where the driver and passengers sit. CAD (Computer Aided Design) – The use of a computer and specialized software to design, modify, simulate and analyze the design of a vehicle and its subcomponents. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) – The use of specially configured computers that monitor manufacturing process automation and can make adjustments to avoid bottlenecks and optimize production throughput times. Camber–A convex curve in a structure or design. For vehicles this also means where the vehicle’s wheels are slightly more slanted at the bottom than the top to make the vehicle easier to steer. Car Recall – A car recall is performed by an automotive manufacturer when a quality defect has been identified that must be corrected because there is a chance that a passenger’s safety could be impacted. When a car recall occurs the automotive manufacturer assumes all cost for the repair and/or replacement of the flawed part. Casting – Casting uses molds to make solid objects from glass, plastic or metals where the material is heated until it’s in liquid form then allowed to cool until it hardens into the shape of the mold. Cell – A part cell or a manufacturing cell is a station in the manufacturing assembly process line where a specified assembly, test or other function is performed. It refers to the group of machine as a whole. Chamfer – A chamfer is formed by beveling a sharp edge such as a corner typically at a 4. Change Management–A process to coordinate change to a design or production process where all areas of the change are evaluated and a comprehensive plan put in place to implement the change to avoid quality defects. Changeover (tooling/die)–Tooling or die changeover in manufacturing is when these pieces are removed from manufacturing equipment so a different part can be produced. Tooling or die are specific to a specific product. Chassis – The framework within the vehicle that supports all the components that go into the vehicle. Clay – Clay modeling is used to build early versions of prototype vehicles to allow designers to assess the overall build of a vehicle. Clutch – Mechanical device in manual transmission vehicles that disengages the power transmission from the drive shaft and allows the driver to switch gears. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) –Computer numerical control is used in programming a process to complete specifically designed instructions and commands during manufacturing. Coasting (vs Driving) – When a driver allows a vehicle to move forward using the momentum it has built up from driving. The engine only uses enough fuel to run but now additional to move forward and the transmission will continue to turn but no additional power is being applied. This creates a force on all the gears in the drivetrain in a similar fashion as the reverse gear. Compilation Drawing – A compilation drawing combines multiple levels of detail of a design into one top level drawing to model how a top level assembly will be built and is used to review the fit of the parts as a whole. Component – A component is a raw material or part of an assembly that is used to assemble a vehicle. Concept Car – Prototype version of a car that is built with new features or materials that allows the design to be tested out during the development phase to verify feasibility of the new features. Concept cars rarely will make it to production but are valuable development tools engineers use in the design process. COQ (Cost of Quality)–Cost of Quality describes the costs a company incurs to maintaining acceptable quality levels for a product. Included in the cost is the cost of failure or when quality levels fall below acceptable levels. Corrective action – A corrective action is the formal name for an action taken to correct a design or production process issue that could cause a failure in the field or produce a poor quality product. Corrective actions are documented with clear steps and timelines to contain and correct the problem. Corrosion – Corrosion is the process where materials are destroyed by a chemical reaction. Example: oxides and salt in the environment reacting with the metals on a vehicle cause rust, a type of corrosion. Countersink–Countersink is when an edge is created at the lip of a hole to allow the screw to be flush to the surface. Cowl – The term for the base of the windshield on a vehicle. Cp (Process Capability)–Process capability is the statistical measurement used to determine if a production process is capable and sustainable. Process capability is expressed as a capability index Cpk or Cpm or a process performance index. C- Pillar – Located in the rear portion of the vehicle before the trunk. Cpk– Cpk or Process capability index or sometimes called. Ppk, process performance index are the calculations that predict how many parts will be produced out of specification when a production process is running. Cpk is used for a sample statistics while Ppk is used for a population. Crease line – Lateral lines which travel down the main body section of the vehicle. Critical Feature –A critical feature on a part or drawing describes a feature that without which the part will not function as designed. Customer Quality Engineer CQE – Customer quality engineers manage the outgoing quality issues that occur with a customer. These may involve PPAP’s or other issues that the customer is looking for. They usually work with the supplier quality engineers for the customer, for example: Customer quality engineers at a Tier II supplier will work with supplier quality engineers at a Tier I. Customer–A customer is a person or a company that purchases a product or service. CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) – Automatic transmission system where the transmission ratios are constantly adjusted to provide the best performance and fuel economy. Cycle time – The time required to complete a specified activity or process; for example – final assembly test requires twenty minutes to complete. Cylinder configuration –Cylinder configuration in an automobile describes the location and orientation of the pistons within the engine. Vertical configuration (V6, V4, V8) has equal amounts of cylinders on each side of the engine block forming a V shape. Flat configuration has the cylinders (Flat 6) in a row forming a straight line in the engine block. Datum – The correct term for a single datum, data is commonly used to represent both singular and plural versions. In drafting and design, datum is a numerical or geometric value that references other values within a drawing. In engineering GD& T, a datum references a point from which angles, heights or distances are measured from. Deburr – Deburr is a machining process that removes the rough edges or ‘burrs’ from a machined part. Deck – The horizontal surface of typically the back of the vehicle or the trunk lid. Defect–A defect in the automotive industry is a fault or imperfection in the design or as a result of the production process. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)– The process where automotive design engineers design parts that can be easily manufactured without requiring specialty equipment. Design of Experiments (DOE) –Design of experiments or DOE is when an engineering and quality team designs an information gathering experiment to gather information, solve a quality issue or try a new design idea to validate an idea or identify root cause of a quality issue. Deviations –A temporary change in the design tolerances for production. A deviation is used when incoming material is not meeting all the required specifications. DFMEA (Design Failure Modes Effects Analysis) – The design FMEA –Design failure mode effects and analysis looks at the potential failure modes, their severity and chance of occurrence in the design of an automotive product. These modes are ranked and preventative actions taken to improve the quality of the design. Die (tooling) – A die is a tool used in the manufacturing process that is used to cut a material using a mechanical press of some sort. DIN (Deutsches. Institutfür. Normung) –The Deutsches. Institutfür. Normungis the German Standards organization that is their branch of ISO which manages the standards for a majority of the technologies in the country. Drag (aerodynamic) – The atmospheric resistance to forward movement. Drilling – A machining process that uses a rotating head in a variety of shapes and sizes to cut a hole in a part.
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